This research and analysis was conducted by Daemeter Consulting and The Nature Conservancy (TNC), with funding provided from the people of United Stated of America through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Responsible Asia Forestry and Trade (RAFT).

This is an unofficial translation commissioned by Daemeter Consulting of Instruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2013 on the extension of the moratorium on new licenses on primary forests and peatland to May 2015.

Fertilization is the most important factor in maintenance of oil palm plantations, contributing almost 60 percent of plantation maintenance cost. This aspect of plantation is particularly difficult for independent small-scale cultivation. In general, smallholders have poor knowledge and skills relating to oil palm cultivation and face challenges in accessing…

Participation is commonly accepted to be a process that brings stakeholders together to de?ne issues and create mutually bene?cial outcomes. In the ?elds of development and natural resource management, participation is such a widely accepted part of policy that it is rare to ?nd a project or programme that does…